Burrell: 'I wanted to carry on playing'
Important note: This article includes details of discriminatory language and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell says that going public to reveal racism in rugby union brought his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he told media outlets.
"I wanted to carry on playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when word emerged that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the fate and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but said it could not gather sufficient evidence to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had multiple traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the introduction of an strategy for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable attention on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to work for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face education on building inclusive environments, with its effectiveness tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the film, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports coaching, guidance and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident others will become about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I grab the bull by the horns and keep bearing this banner and continue supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the ability to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022